Most of stars which are visible in the night sky are those in our galaxy.
Our galaxy is a huge disk-like aggregate with 200 billion stars.
The diameter of a disk is about 100,000 light years,
and thickness is about 5000 light years.
The central part is thick and called a bulge.
And the central plane which divides this disk up and down is called the Galactic Plane.
Our Sun lies inside our galaxy.
And hence, if we see the direction of a disk of our galaxy,
the stars in a disk overlap and it appears like a faint light.
This is the Milky Way.
In fact, the Milky Way which flows to the sky of summer or winter like thin clouds is just the shape of our galaxy.
The gas and dust are concentrated in the disk of our galaxy.
If we observe the galactic plane in the radio wave and infrared,
we can know the true character of galactic plane,
because these lights are not influenced by dust so much.
By detailed observation,
it is found that the structure of our galaxy resembles the galactic disk of the spiral galaxy.
That is, our galaxy is one of the spiral galaxies.
月が出ていない暗い夜空を見ると,天の川が見えます.
また,恒星の分布をきちんと調べてみると,
天の川に近づくにしたがって数密度が増えていくことがわかります.
これは太陽系が円盤状に集まった恒星の集団に属しているからなのです.
この恒星集団のことを,われわれの銀河系,あるいは天の川銀河と呼んでいます.
そして,この円盤を上下に2分する中央面のことを銀河面と呼びます.
電波で観測すると,恒星以外の天体でも銀河面に集中して分布するものがあることがわかります.
恒星ばかりでなくガスも銀河面に集中しているのです.
宇宙を見渡すと,このような構造の天体がほかにもあることがわかります.
渦状銀河です.
渦状銀河は銀河円盤(galactic disk)に恒星やガスが集中している円盤状の銀河です.
われわれの銀河系は,渦状銀河の1つなのです.
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