The Sun

The Sun is a fixed star near the Earth. It is a huge gas ball made from hydrogen. In the central part, the nuclear fusion reaction which hydrogen changes into helium has occurred, and it is shining due to the huge energy.
地球にもっとも近い恒星−太陽は, ほとんど水素からできた巨大なガス球です. 中心部で水素がヘリウムに変換する核融合反応が起こっていて, その膨大なエネルギーによって光り輝いています.

Corona

太陽周辺に太陽半径の何倍もの領域で広がっている希薄ガスの領域を, コロナ(corona)と呼びます.
太陽の光球(表面)は約6000度でX線をほとんど放射しませんが, 太陽のコロナは100万度という高温でX線を放射します. そのためX線で観測すれば,太陽のコロナだけを観測することができます.

Detailed explanation

The region of the hot thin gas surrounding the Sun is called corona. Since the temperature of the solar corona is so high of 1 million degrees that it emits X-rays. Therefore, if we observe the Sun via X-rays, we can see only the solar corona.

By courtesy of Yohkoh / ISAS  URL (http://www.solar.isas.ac.jp/)


movie1 (avi file 2.1MB)
movie2 (avi file 3.4MB)

By courtesy of ISAS / ISAS VIDEO Series

Flare

黒点の近傍で太陽の表面が突然輝きを増し, 大量の高エネルギー粒子が惑星間空間に吹き出す現象を, フレア(flare)と呼んでいます.
太陽フレアは,黒点上空のコロナの磁場に蓄えられたエネルギーが, 短時間のうちに解放される現象だと考えられています. しかし,なぜ短時間に急激な爆発が起こるのか,まだわかっていません.

Detailed explanation

Flare is a phenomenon, where the surface near the sunspot suddenly brights and a lot of high energy particles blow off to the interplanetary space. It is supposed that the energy stored in the magnetic field of the corona over sunspots is released in a short time. However, we do not know yet why such a rapid explosion takes place in a short time.

By courtesy of Yohkoh / ISAS  URL (http://www.solar.isas.ac.jp/)


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